Any issue with Vagrant and the ansible version is likely because you don’t have Ansible installed on your host machine. When Trellis’ Vagrantfile does not find an Ansible installation, it uses ansible_local (confusingly named) mode which installs and runs Ansible on the Vagrant VM and that’s what is broken due to that Vagrant bug.
The recommend way to install Ansible and any other necessary Trellis dependencies is with trellis-cli by running the trellis init command in your project.