This seems to be related to my issue: Weird error when removing page templates
It has probably to do with a transient not being created immediately. Give it 15 min or so and it will show up or go to your database wp_options table and search for .blade.php in option_value column with %LIKE%
This must result in a transient record with a name something like _transient_files_bcb76f9f446f36f5fb437ae045776ba726a898a1164a29b762240b2
You can delete that record (I would still recommend to make a backup first) and then try to reload the edit page and your page template will show up. Im still not sure what’s causing the page template not show up by itself. I’m experiencing this issue since yesterday.