Should anyone encounter the same problem, I was able to fix this issue by doing the following:
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Destroyed the droplet I created using trellis droplet create environment command
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Created a new droplet on the Digital Ocean platform
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Ran the trellis provision environment command
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If there are any errors during provisioning, run trellis provision environment repeatedly until provisioning is complete with no errors
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Ran the trellis deploy environment command to deploy the project to the server
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Documentation: https://roots.io/trellis/docs/remote-server-setup/