The node_modules folder is only used for building the assets using nodejs-based tools (like webpack),
it shouldn’t bei included in the theme!
Run composer install before activating the theme. But as I see in your latest post, you are zipping the theme - so you can also invoke composer install before zipping and adding the vendor/ folder to the theme ZIP.
Does this theme ZIP build script help you (pick the one for the right Sage version (9 / 10))?